The Punishment Of The Prison System - 1842 Words

Prisons are closed institutions. They are established and funded by governments to hold people against their will, but why punish (Zyl Smit, 2010)? What is the purpose of prison? This fundamental question stirs up a significant amount of debate. The government, citizens, educators, and even prisoners are divided about the right answers. There is disagreement in the US about the purpose of the prison system. On the one hand, the regulations of the prison system may seek deterrence, incapacitation, or retribution to avoid appearing too soft on criminals (Zyl Smit, 2010; Rossum, 2003). On the other hand, the regulations of the prison system may seek to opportunities to resocialize prisoners or to effect changes in the character, attitudes, or behavior of the convicted offender (Zyl Smit, 2010; Harvard Law Review, 2010). Which approach is the most effective for a society that decides to punish? What do we do about those who commit crimes? This questions seems to have a more definitive answer in the US. The last four decades of American criminal justice have been shaped by the public appeal to get tough on crime (Colgan, 2006). Since the mid-1970s, the United States has engaged in a race to incarcerate that has resulted in a prison population expanded to a level previously unknown in any democratic society (Burt, 2010). The US has over 2 million of its citizens incarcerated, which accounts for 25% of the world s imprisoned population (Forman, 2011). The system hasShow MoreRelatedThe Punishment Of Prison System825 Words   |  4 Pages In principle, prison system plays important role in the society through reforming and punishing offenders sent to prison and preventing potential offenders. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of in prisoners in the US prisons system, because prison is used as the primary correction facility for offenders while ensuring justice to offended (Guerino 20). Prisons comprise of offenders who are above the county jail level. Further, inmates comprise of people from differentRead MoreThe Punishment Of The American Prison System1874 Words   |  8 PagesWhenever you imagine prison, you think up ideas and violent images that you have seen in the movies or on TV.    Outdated clichà ©s consisting of men eating stale bread and drinking dirty water are only a small fraction of the number of horrible, yet just occurrences which are stereotypical of everyday life in prison.    Perhaps it could be a combination of your upbringing, horrific ideas about the punishment which our nation inflicts on those who violate its’ more serious laws that keeps people frightenedRead MoreThe Increased Prison Population and Improper Punishment System1083 Words   |  5 PagesSocial scientists and organizational psychologist have given additional acknowledgment to the influence of social and cultural issues in organizational system (Carter, 2000, p. 2). This clearly indicates that how these issues affect many fields of society and how important is their resolution. Many key global events of the last decade have captured attention on issues of nationalism and cultural diversities. As Hallinan and Jackson says, â€Å"Within the context of the post 9/11 era a complex and arguablyRead MoreThe Death Of The Prison System1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe prison system has seen huge changes from the American Colonel days to now. At first punishment was a way to inflict pain in suffering onto prisoners. By doing this it set an example to detour crime. Punishment throughout time has changed with the building of prison systems and labor being implemented. Today punishment is carried out much different than in the past. Punishment is way to keep order and discipline throughout society. Punishments focus more now on rehabilitation then it does toRead MorePurpose and History of Punishment785 Words   |  4 PagesPurpose and History of Punishment The American society of punishment has been heavily based on British law, which has in turn grown from Western capital punishment and personal retribution. In the seventh century A.D. leaders in government have begun to realize that crimes harmed society. The government started becoming more involved in controlling crimes and punishment for the crimes being committed. To protect the citizens the leaders of the governing body assembled a set of laws that were passedRead MorePurpose and History Paper783 Words   |  4 Pages* * Prison development dates all the way back to the early Roman times and even then there were forms of punishment for criminals. In today’s society we have come a long way from the Roman times with the way prisons are ran and punishments are enforced. With this development, there are two types of prison systems – Pennsylvania and Auburn. These systems have helped form the prison system today and the impact and involvement of prison labor over time. History of Punishment The use ofRead MoreThe Prison System Should Be Abolished1237 Words   |  5 PagesLike Angela Davis, I believe that the prison system needs to be abolished. The prison system which is a significant part of punishment is incompetent and deeply flawed in the United States. Prison system reform needs immediate attention while abolition permanently will require time. Nietzsche’s theory of punishment explains how punishment come about in society and Davis’s critique of the prison system helps back my argument that the prison system needs to be abolished. Traditionally, there haveRead MoreHistory and Purposes of Prisons884 Words   |  4 Pagespenitentiaries. Correctional facilities no matter if they are prisons, jails, or penitentiaries are all part of the criminal justice system. Their overall goal and objective is to house offenders with the hope to rehabilitate them and reintegrate them into society to have a positive impact. Penitentiaries have a strong history with society and will continue to serve an important purpose within the criminal justice system. History of Punishment Punishment is defined as a penalty inflicted for an offenseRead MorePurpose and History Paper865 Words   |  4 Pagesreference to the history of punishment for crimes, which date back as far as 450 B.C., some of the earliest methods of punishment are replaced by more efficient and humane methods of punishments or corrections. Punishments back then were harsher, brutal, and inhumane because people strongly believed in the retributive approach to crimes committed by individuals. Punishments such as whippings, brandings, torture, beatings, and mutilations were in efforts to make the punishment as relevant as possibleRead MoreEssay on Criminal Rehabilitation in the United States Justice System1640 Words   |  7 PagesNationally, every 7 minutes, another person enters prison. And every 14 minutes, someone returns to the streets, beaten down and, more often than not, having suffered a great amount of violence during his or her incarceration. Professionals will tell you that incarcerati on really does very little to stop crime, but we go on spending billions of dollars in order to lock up more and more people. We have become the country with the highest incarceration rate in the industrialized world. (National Criminal

The Art Of Storytelling How An Individual Can Recover...

The Art of Storytelling Storytelling is an art that can take many forms. Stories engage people on all different levels and the greatest pathway to tell a good story is the use of emotion. It can also serve as a medium to communicate unsaid emotions. Stories educate and also preserve history by passing it carefully on to the next generation. Each person has a different story. One story is a just as fascinating and unique as the other and at some point in life one gets to realize that no two stories are exactly alike. Telling stories also present a way of understanding one’s life with a deeper understanding and meaning. Stories matter and sometimes all a person wants is a listener or just a way to know they are being heard. Very often, one†¦show more content†¦With fewer members of the congregation recovery is taking a longer process in the church than supposed to. She not only lose her grandmother who was very dear to her, she is also afraid for her brother because lif e in jail can be very hard and she fears he might not survive it. Joe is her younger brother and she feels she is supposed to protect him but their relationship have changed over the years. In his letters she sees the disconnection they share as a family. As a society one is generally taught to avoid feeling or displaying of emotions. Joe’s letters shows the silence that exists within their relationship as siblings. Tretheway explains â€Å"if something isn’t spoken, it isn’t fully known and we can absolve ourselves of the responsibility that knowing entails† (Tretheway 102). In Froma Walsh’s article on â€Å"Traumatic loss and major disasters: strengthening family and community resilience†, Walsh explains how sharing details about a hurtful event can aid recovery and different families have different motivation to help victims recover. Walsh also explains that when loss of any kind is suffered one should not expec t the victim to have a firm decision on when to start or to stop grieving. She also explains that the main purpose of finally starting to grief is not to aim for closure but to simply get the strength to get up and move on with life. Grief is the body’s natural response to loss. It is a kind of suffering

Financial Environment Business Development â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Environment Business Development? Answer: Introduction Both IAS 36 and As 28 deals with the accounting for impairment of assets. As per this, all the tangible and intangible assets needs to be analysed and assessed at regular intervals for permanent write down in the value of the assets in case the indicators of impairment so exists. These factors can be categorised as internal or external factors. The ultimate idea behind the IAS is the assets should not be carried in the books at more than the recoverable value i.e., the higher of the value in use and the fair value of the asset less the cost of disposal.(Fay Negangard, 2017) The impairment loss is calculated by subtracting the recoverable value from the carrying value of the asset. Goodwill and other intangible assets having indefinite life are to be assessed annually through an impairment test. Moreover, in case the single asset is not able to generate revenue for the company on independent basis as compared to the other assets, then a group or class of assets known as the cash gene rating unit which is capable of generating the revenues independently needs to be analysed for impairment as a group. It is not that the impairment loss once provided in the books cannot be reversed but it can be done so post reassessment in the future period if the positive indicators exists. IAS 36 is applies on land and building, plant and machinery, goodwill, intangible assets, investment in subsidiaries or any other company, etc. It is not applicable on some of assets like financial assets, agricultural assets, assets in the nature of employee benefits, inventories, deferred tax assets and non current assets held for sale purposes. (Buchanan, et al.,) Recognition measurement of impairment loss For giving the effect f impairment in the books, the company needs to the periodic evaluation whether the assets needs to be impaired or not based on the indicators. In case the indicators do exist, the identification of the same alongwith the recoverable value needs to be done. There can be 2 types of indicators namely external and internal. External indicators generally include factors like assets carried in the books is higher than the market capitalization, or the market value of the assets has declined considerably or there is a negative change in the fashion, trend, preferences or technology in the market area or that the market rates of interest have increased. (Das, 2017) These are generally outside the scope of the company and affects the entire industry. Internal indicators include physical damage being done to the asset, excessive obsolescence to the asset condition or asset is lying idle and is being kept for sale or the asset is expected too give least economic performan ce or the investment is joint venture or subsidiary is more than the investees assets recorded in the books. The list of the above examples is not exhaustive and there can be many others. Besides impairment, the company also needs to reassess the depreciation policy, the method, the estimated useful life, etc so that the asset are appearing correctly. The recoverable value of the asset is the higher of the fair value less cost of disposal or the value in use of the asset, whichever is higher. The difference between the carrying value of the assets in the books and the recoverable value calculated above is recognised as impairment loss. Secondly, the recoverable value may be calculated for a single asset or a group of assets called the CGU. (Goldmann, 2016) The value in use if the present value of the future cash flows expected to be earned from the asset at a rate of interest. This generally has 2 components: Cash flows: The cash flows needs to be estimated keeping in mind aspects like uncertainity of the cash flows, illiquidity of the market, the time value of money while receiving those cash flows. Moroever, it should not include any major capital expenditure which the company is expecting to incur in the coming period.(Michaely Jacob, 2017) The other considerations include it should be realistic and based on the supportings and evidences based on the latest financial statements and in case the time period is large, the same should be extrapolated as per IAS. Rate of discount: the rate utilized here for the calculation should be pre tax rate as per the current market conditions and should include the uncertaininity or risk factor. (Mahapatra, et al., 2017) It should be the rate which the investor would have expected on investing in a particular project or the rate at which the funds would have been borrowed from the market to invest in the asset. In addition to the above considerations, the firm should also adjust its projections based on the deficiencies and differences as fiund in the previous years estimate for over or understatement of the projections. (J, 2016) The next factor is the calculation of the fair value less cost of disposal, which is the price at which the entity would have sold the asset at the arms length price to the willing and knowledgeable party. For finding this, the amount in the binding sale agreement or if the asset would have been sold in the active market can be used. If no other information is available then DCF technique can be used for the estimation. The cost of disposal should include all the direct costs related to the sale of the asset. (Meroo-Cerdn, et al., 2017) Based on the above inputs impairment loss is calculated and shown in the profit and loss account. Moreover, the future years depreciation also needs to be adjusted on a prospective basis. For goodwill, the amount once impaired cannot be reversed back in any circumstance whatsoever. Like impairment, the amount posted can also be reversed if trhe positive indicators do exist indicating the improved status of the asset. (Mahapatra, et al., 2017 As per the data given, in the books of Gali limited ended on 30th June, 2015, the impairment assessment needs to be done and fine china division has been identified as one of it CGU. (Goldmann, 2016) The carrying amount is as follows: In the case study, since the total fair value of the all the assets asset less cost of disposal is not provided, we are considering value in use ie., 645000 as the recoverable value of the entire CGU. Therefore, amount to be impaired arrives to (720000-645000) = 75000. Now the amount of 75000 needs to be allocated firstly to goodwill to the extent of 25000, and then to the other remaining assets. Therefore remaining impairment loss left to be apportioned is 75000-25000 = 50000. Inventory being a current asset held for sale does not comes in the ambit of impairment under IAS 36. The other workings of apportionment is below: Since the fair value less cost of disposal has been restricted for plant, the maximum amount uptill which the plant can be impaired is 465804 i.e., by 18196 and therefore the remaining 18195 would need to be apportioned across the other assets of the CGU. (Boccia Leonardi, 2016) The revised allocation summary is shown below: Thus, the final allocation of the impairment loss comes out to be Goodwill: 25000, Plant, 18196, Equipment 19504 and Fittings 12300. The journal entry to effect for the above impairment loss is mentioned below: Conclusion Th etpic of impairment depends a lot on the judgement and estimates therefore a proper supporting and working is important considering the various factors and inputs.(kabir, et al., 2017) All the assumptions taken by the management needs to be justified and properly disclosed in the financial statements such as: The basis of impairment taken and the amount of loss recognised and reversed; Impairment loss being recognised or reversed on the revalued assets in OCI; The quantum of reversal, the internal and external indicators leading to impairment; Other critical considerations and circumstances. References Boccia, F. Leonardi, R., 2016. The Challenge of the Digital Economy. Markets, Taxation and Appropriate Economic Models, pp. 1-16. Buchanan, B., Cao, C., Liljeblom, E. Weihrich, S., 2017. Taxation and Dividend Policy: The Muting Effect of Agency Issues and Shareholder Conflicts. Journal of Corporate Finance, Volume 42, pp. 179-197. Das, P., 2017. Financing Pattern and Utilization of Fixed Assets - A Study. Asian Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), pp. 10-17. Fay, R. Negangard, E., 2017. Manual journal entry testing : Data analytics and the risk of fraud. Journal of Accounting Education, Volume 38, pp. 37-49. Goldmann, K., 2016. Financial Liquidity and Profitability Management in Practice of Polish Business. Financial Environment and Business Development, Volume 4, pp. 103-112. J, G., 2016. Principles of Australian Contract Law. Australia: Lexis Nexis. kabir, H., Rahman, A. Su, L., 2017. The Association between Goodwill Impairment Loss and Goodwill Impairment Test-Related Disclosures in Australia. 8th Conference on Financial Markets and Corporate Governance (FMCG) 2017, pp. 1-32. Mahapatra, S., Levental, S. Narasimhan, R., 2017. Market price uncertainty, risk aversion and procurement: Combining contracts and open market sourcing alternatives. International Journal of Production Economics, pp. 34-51. Meroo-Cerdn, A., Lopez-Nicolas, C. Molina-Castillo, F., 2017. Risk aversion, innovation and performance in family firms. Economics of Innovation and new technology, pp. 1-15. Michaely, R. Jacob, M., 2017. Taxation and Dividend Policy: The Muting Effect of Agency Issues and Shareholder Conflicts. Review of Financial Studies, 30(9), pp. 3176-3222.

Mythologizing Place and Self in Poetry by Robert Kroetsch and Birk Sproxton

Table of Contents Introduction Robert Kroetsch: Seed Catalogue Robert Kroetsch: The Ledger Robert Kroetsch: Stone Hammer Sproxton: Headframe 2 Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Robert Kroetsch and Birk Sproxton are famous Canadian writers. Kroetsch was born in 1927 and died in 2011. He was one of the Canadian postmodernism novelists, poets, and non-fiction writers. Having been born in Alberta, he began his academic writing at Binghamton University. On the other hand, Sproxton was also a Canadian novelist and poet who lived in Red Deer, Alberta (Kroeller 71).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Mythologizing Place and Self in Poetry by Robert Kroetsch and Birk Sproxton specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He was born in 1943 in Flin Flon, Manitoba where he died in 2007. He went to study at Winnipeg before heading to Alberta. He also lectured creative writing at the Red Deer College. The two writers have s ome similarities in their style of writing and the context of their contents. Genealogy of place and self underpins the works of the two writers. Robert Kroetsch: Seed Catalogue Kroetsch poetry uses complex or jargon (Davey 3). His language is mythology of the ancient writers and poets. It can be argued that the reason why the poems of Kroetsch are mythical is his style in naming. Naming is thought to be a process that is believed to be a mythical process. Robert Kroetsch authored ‘The stone Hammer’ poems and the ‘Seed Catalogue’. He begins the stone hammer poems by presenting twelve sections of the poems in sequence namely the â€Å"Old man stories†. In the footnote, he informs his readers that the main figure in the poem is a trickster and a teacher who lived in the legends of the Blackfoot Indians of southern Alberta. The trickster is presented as a comic sexual ancestor and a hero. The young man plays various tricks to woo the woman. He manages t o successfully woo the woman to receive sexual acts and fellatio by disguising his pennies as a berry. In fact, â€Å"He rushed his prick, like rawhide lariat† (Kroetsch 29). Therefore, he mythologizes sexual antics of the man in the story. The society goes through this behavior. It is natural, indigenous, and inevitable. The trickster is used ironically to depict the characters of the people. On the other hand, Sproxton’s work constructs and conveys his message using simple language that helps to enhance the meaning of a message (Hill 99). Sproxton further uses various writing styles including metaphors and form that fits the time and space. On the other hand, Kroetsch is wordy. His writings lack metaphors thus making his work plain. He is motivated and interested in writing more information that did not make sense (Calder and Wardhaugh 5). Kroetsch has done many works in poetry. Most of them revolve around his lives, as well as his hometown Hearse. Many of his poems in â€Å"The Completed Field Notes† recount how his hometown came into being in the seed catalogue. He described his town Heisler the way it grew up.Advertising Looking for critical writing on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The town was in the middle of parkland and the battle river country. The prelude in the poem indicates that he is referring to this town. He says, â€Å"Once upon a time in the village of Heisler† (Kroetsch ‘Seed catalogue’ 29). He narrates the story of growing up and coming into existence of Prairie. He says, â€Å"No trees around the house†¦only the wind† (Kroetsch 29). Furthermore, Kroetsch narrates how his mother died. This loss made him disillusioned. He was only thirteen years. This deprivation was a fundamental situation that symbolizes death of verbal communication. The crowd who came to give her farewell even hurt him further the way t hey used language in expressing the loss. They did not care about the feelings the family was going through. He quotes,† I remember the death of my mother. I remember the wake, the crowds of people† (Kroetsch 29). â€Å"I saw the failure of language, the faltering connection between those spoken words and what it was I knew my father felt† (Kroetsch 29). Kroetsch acknowledges through the poem that the death of his mother made him doubt the reality of life (Calder and Wardhaugh 3). He lost the feminine assurance. The relationship between him and his mother was very close. Therefore, he could not believe that actually that could have happened. Kroetsch further uses language to demonstrate the notion of self. In his poem ‘The Ledger’ and ‘Seed Catalogue†, he uses ‘I’ more often to demonstrate the notion of Self, which is an indication of how he centers on individualism (Neuman 176). He is therefore concerned about self-following the way he refers to an individual as well as the place from where he comes. The poem mythologizes the poet’s individual life as he digs deeper into his family history and relationships to establish the roots and the self (McKay 146). Kroetsch is concerned about himself as depicted further from his â€Å"Completed Field Notes† in the poem â€Å"How I Joined the Seal Herd† (Kroetsch 47). In fact, he says, â€Å"I am writing this poem with my life† (Kroetsch 47). He wants the readers to understand the challenges and the absurdity in the life he went through.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Mythologizing Place and Self in Poetry by Robert Kroetsch and Birk Sproxton specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Robert Kroetsch: The Ledger The ledger is a paradox of life in which Kroetsch depicts his life. He employs the concept of double entry and the double column printing in the poem to c onstruct and deconstruct his life. In the poem, he gives a recount of how these entries seldom balance. There are many holes as some pages are torn out either by intention or by accident. Therefore, he attempts to cover the spaces by supposing the absence of the torn parts. For instance, he says that everything that he writes is a search â€Å"for the dead†¦for some pages remaining† (Kroetsch 11). Therefore, the poem is the inward journey for his past (Calder 91). Kroetsch retraces his roots by trying to put together piecemeal information from the experiences to have a complete picture of the reality. This search however does not make him find his past. He rather finds the act of finding. Therefore, there seems to be a no answer in his quest of finding his identity. The Ledger poem triggers mixed reactions besides causing confusion in the mind of the readers. Therefore, it requires them to fill the gaps in the text intelligently to find their meaning and reality. It evok es the voices of the ancestor. This is what Kroetsch tries to record to allow him relate the past to the present. Therefore, in this poem, the author’s memory engages itself in the quest to seek the source or the past, which he calls, â€Å"dreams of origins† (Kroetsch 11). The past is full of unambiguities that are elusive and unresolved but which the memory keeps on pondering. Robert Kroetsch: Stone Hammer In the poem ‘Stone Hammer’, Kroetsch seeks to forge a Canadian identity amidst regional diversity and hostile forces (Kroetsch 3). He delights himself about the prairies with passion. Kroetsch searches his roots and identity. In this poem, Kroetsch is concerned about his family. Therefore, he searches his family’s origin, the national history, and genealogical time. The poem extends to the past generations where a hammer was found. The hammer was very important to the native people who used it to prepare pemmican in the ancient times. Kroetsch w rites, â€Å"This stone becomes a hammer of stones, this maul is the color of bone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kroetsch 3). The author frequently refers to his family and the past to illustrate his higher affinity and interests about the past as well as his present. Therefore, the poem is centered on the mythology of his place of origin- Canada. He is more concerned about his place. Therefore, this captured in the poem. Prairies are depicted as the regions where cultural growth is linked to the fertility of the myth of fruition, seeding decay, and renewal. In his collection ‘Completed Field Notes’, Kroetsch presents long poems that juxtapose parts of anecdotes, memory meditations, and documents.Advertising Looking for critical writing on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The vast landscape of Canada is discussed in this postmodernism expression in the poems. There are different kinds of poems such as personal poems like ‘Birthday June 23, 1983’ and ‘I Getting Old Now’ among many others. They deal with a personal history. They are linked with holistic depiction of reality. Other contrasts that existed between the poems of Kroetsch and those of Sproxton are in the construction of sentences. Kroetsch uses jargon and a lot of repetition in his writing. Sometimes, these words and phrases do not have a concise meaning but mere empty words. On the other hand, Sproxton uses words sparingly and with a lot of selectivity to convey a message. In his poems- ‘The Ledger’ and ‘The Seed Catalogue’, Kroetsch shows an â€Å"epiphany of the problematic relationships that exist between selfhood and language† (Kroetsch 29). This poem portrays individual self of the people. Most of his works are a reflection of personal life. For instance, in the ‘Seed Catalogue’, the author says, â€Å"ongoing poem† (Kroetsch 29) as a symbol to illustrate that life is an ongoing phenomenon. Kroetsch tries to find out the reality of life and self-using language. In his poem ‘The Ledger’ and ‘Seed Catalogue†, he employs ‘I’ often to reveal the notion of self, which is an indication of how he centers on individualism. He is therefore concerned about self following the way he refers to an individual as well as the place from where he comes. The poem is about the poet’s individual life as he digs deeper into his family history and relationships to establish the roots and the self (McKay 146). The author is concerned about himself as further depicted from his completed field notes in the poem â€Å"How I Joined the Seal Herd† (Kroetsch 1). In fact, he says, â€Å"I am writing this poem with my life† (Kroetsch 32). He wants the reader s to understand the challenges and the absurdity in life he went through. Sproxton: Headframe 2 The two novelists and poets writing style is shaped from the former novelists. Sproxton’s poems in the â€Å"Headframe 2† in his last sections of â€Å"The Screen Door Revisions† provide readers with an insight why he is doing what he is doing (Sproxton 125). The poet for the ‘Screen Door Revisions’ says that he found â€Å"an old photograph, pieces of story, little fragments of things, so he started digging deeper and deeper† (Sproxton 125). In his first poem â€Å"chronicle 1†, it is clearly indicated that that the Gunslinger is a poet figure who is trying to mythologize prairie places and the self. He says, â€Å"Gunslinger on the nether cheek† (Sproxton 5). The idea that grand narrative of historical Gunslinger is â€Å"subverted, that brave, macho, sometimes dangerous, fighter (historically) is disturbed by Prairie mosquitoes (t hat little fragmentary things he found), he is scratching, and starts searching, digging deeper† (Sproxton 125). Writing about them is an ultimate attempt to mythologize place and self-identity. Sproxton tries to mythologize by supplementing history into genealogy. Autobiographical elements that Sproxton uses also show self-mythologizing. The two poets inquire more on their roots in Canada. Their writing is about genealogy of place and self. In their poems, novels, and books, they seek to know their identities better besides revealing their backgrounds to the readers. This approach characterized a large chunk of their poems, which revealed how both did not believe in the grand narrative of history. Rather, they sort to pursue by themselves the truth about their ancestors and background. Another similarity between the authors lies in their writing styles. In most of their writings or poems, various lines are broken with others being open-ended. They also used vernacular as a ke y component in their writing. For instance, in his book, ‘Collection of Headframe’, Sproxton writes the history and tales about his hometown. He writes in Heisler the hotel, â€Å"Cooley and I rode into the Battle River Valley† (Sproxton 32). His being engraved about his home pushes him to seek more insights on where he came from. For instance, he explores the originality of the Word Flin Flon, which was the town where he was born. He says, â€Å"A skate in the corner in the main Arena Flin Flon† (Sproxton 20). The name originated from a story of a prospector who carried a book called ‘the sunless city† written by Muddock. In the book, an adventurer by the name Josiah Flintabbatey Flotin boarded a submarine that was on its way to Lake Avernus, a bottomless sea whose depth went beyond the center of the earth. He was searching for the unknown, as symbolized by his effort of the discovery of the lake that with an unknown bottom. Therefore, the min eworkers believed that the lake was Avernus. The author of the book seeks to unravel the hidden truths that the people did not know. Sproxton believed in towns that existed through imaginations, He says, â€Å"Towns must be imagined into existence† (Sproxton 23). The author told stories that covered Manitoba to Alberta. Sproxton sums the history, his own life, geography, and the information handed to him through various sources through the poem in the book called Frank slide. The poem depicts the worst natural disaster that hit the Canadian history. A mountain fell down in the town of frank Alberta in the year 1903 claiming the lives of all inhabitants, as quoted in words, â€Å"The face of the mountain falls†¦tumbling still across the valley over the buried village† (Sproxton 27). Moreover, the writers write about the accounts of their fore parents where they address the issue of â€Å"family reunions and what happened over the years as well as other stories tha t range between facts, tall tales, and similar stories of the past† (Sproxton 25). Furthermore, the authors used similar anatomy in their writings. They sometimes exaggerated especially when writing about philosophical issues, as evident in an interview between Christian Riegel and Sproxton in the antigonish review number 132. He contended, â€Å"Headframe is a good example of the anatomy in textual terms† (Rob 3). In the book ‘Headframe’, the author Sproxton disputes over reliance or putting of more weight on vernacular instead of language (Sproxton 7). Addressing the issue of language therefore connects the two authors. In fact, Sproxton argues that the evident misunderstanding between him and other people is brought by the fact that they grew up with people speaking different languages and hence the confusion. His parents were from Saskatchewan farming backgrounds who spoke different languages. Saskatchewan River and lakes are mythologized like that of M ississippi River, â€Å"river runs through Hudson bay and Rupert Land† (Sproxton 74). This is an idea of Canadian shield in a way aimed at writing an epic of a place. For instance, the book starts with a storyteller enquiring to know whether the father was settling in the lavatory. The use of homesteading was taken to imply the application of vernacular though primarily aiming at depicting that the father had stayed there for a long period. This technique in language contextualizes the message to have the touch of lives of the ancient people or rather their originality. Furthermore, another similarity between these two authors is the usage of space in their poetry. The two authors are considered as some of â€Å"the most important imaginative writers of the postmodern movement† (Rob 3). They transformed the way of writing. Theorists such as Jacques Derrida and Ferdinand de Saussure influenced the two poets. The former poets played a crucial role in mentoring and motiva ting the two writers to like and have a passion in writing. The other similarity between these two poets is that they have contributed to the shift of writing styles among the people of Canada. New literary styles that the two writers initiated in Canadian have helped and motivated many Canadians since they revolutionized the styles of poetry to which people adhered. Another similarity between these two authors is the way they wrote their poems. They resorted to writing long poems. These poems were open-ended implying that, they did not provide the reader with specific themes or directions to base the facts (Beran 2). Conclusion In conclusion, the two poets Kroetsch and Sproxton are some of the most known poets who influenced Canadian poets into their writing styles. They are acknowledged as post modernism poets who revolutionized writing styles of poems in Canada. They sort to delve their poems on their place of origin besides exploring their past to find out the truth. They theref ore mythologized space and self in most of their poems. The genealogy of prairies Canada is evident in the way they write their ideas. They have many similarities as they both based their writing on Alberta in Canada. They used vernacular languages, long poems, and wrote about their histories. On the other hand, they also had some differences especially in the away they constructed their poems and the way they used words to communicate their ideas. However, the two poets have played a fundamental role in the poetry industry in Canada and beyond its boarders. Therefore, though the two are dead, the much they have written is enough to speak volumes to the contemporary poets. The two poets have set a good foundation that is worth emulating by any other poet whose sole agenda is to heighten his/her poetic skills. Works Cited Beran, Carol. â€Å"Review of out of place: The writings for Robert Kroetsch by Simona Bertacco.† Great Plains Quarterly 1.1(2004): 2-5. Print. Calder, Aliso n. Who’s from the Prairie?: Some Prairie Self-representations in Popular  Culture. Toward Defining the Prairies: Region, Culture, and History. Winnipeg: U. of Manitoba, 2001. Print. Calder, Alison, and Robert Wardhaugh. When is the Prairie? introduction. History,  Literature, and the Writing of the Canadian Prairies. Winnipeg: U. of Manitoba, 2001. Print. Davey, Frank. Toward the Ends of regionalism. A Sense of Place: Re-evaluating Regionalism  in Canadian and American Writing. Edmonton: U of Alberta, 1998. Print. Hill, Gerald. â€Å"Reading in Completed Field Notes.† Textual Studies in Canada 3.1(2006): 99-110. Print. Kroetsch, Robert. Seed Catalogue. Completed Field Notes. Edmonton: U of Alberta, 2000. Print. Kroetsch, Robert. The Ledger. Completed Field Notes. U of Alberta, 2000. Print. Kroeller, Eva-Marie. History and Photography in Robert Kroetsch’s Alibi. Open Letter. London: Summer/Fall, 1998. Print. McKay, Don. At Work and Play in The Ledger. Open Letter. London: Summer/Fall, 1998. Print. Neuman, Shirley. â€Å"Figuring the Reader, Figuring the Self in Field Notes: Double or noting.† Open Letter 8/9(1989):176-194. Print. Rob, Mclennan. Headframe:2 by Birk Sproxton, 2006. Web. http://poetryreviews.ca/reviews/headframe-2-by-birk-sproxton/ Sproxton, Birk. Headframe 2. Canada: Turnstone Press. 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